In recent years, single-child families have become the norm in Canada, representing 45% of families with children, according to the 2021 census. This trend marks a significant shift in family dynamics, with large families becoming increasingly rare. By comparison, families with two children make up 38%, and those with three or more children only 16%. This phenomenon reflects various economic, cultural, and social factors.
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One of the main reasons for the decline in family size relates to the costs associated with raising children. Economists point out that the decision to have children often balances quantity and quality: more children mean fewer resources to invest in their education and well-being. As individuals become wealthier, they tend to invest more in the “quality” of their children, such as education and extracurricular activities, increasing the costs. Raising a child requires considerable time, which is even more costly, particularly for mothers who might otherwise earn more by working full-time.
Cultural shifts around parenting also play a key role. Unlike past generations, where having many children was essential to sustaining the household, today, people often choose parenthood for personal fulfillment. As sociologist Lisa Strohschein explains, “You no longer need many children to find meaning in life.” This perspective is evident in online communities dedicated to single-child families, such as the #OneAndDone hashtag on TikTok, where many parents share positive experiences about raising a single child.
However, this shift in family structure also poses long-term challenges. With a fertility rate of 1.26 children per woman in 2023, Canada ranks among the countries with the lowest birth rates, potentially leading to population stagnation. Canada’s population growth may slow and eventually turn negative if this trend continues.
With a fertility rate of 1.26 children per woman in 2023, Canada ranks among the countries with the lowest birth rates!
In conclusion, while the trend toward single-child families reflects positive changes in quality of life, it also raises questions about the demographic future of countries like Canada.
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